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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Probenecid

FDA-approved product (tablet, oral), marketed as Benemid, Probalan, Probenecid.

Registered studies
50+
Lab records
0
Pathogens at ≥40%
1 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Probenecid
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Gout

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels. Label ↗

WHO therapeutic group
Preparations increasing uric acid excretion
Anti-infective classification
Not classified as an anti-infective.

Repurposing investigation

This medicine is being investigated here for AI-predicted antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis. It was surfaced computationally for further investigation; it is not an established treatment for this infection.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA14.4% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli18.1% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae6.7% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis60.7% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

50+registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. The registry search keeps the first 50, so there may be more. See them below.

Experimental

No evidence found

No laboratory measurement against the four pathogens in the ChEMBL records loaded here.

Open Probenecid in ChEMBL Registered studies below

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

-6.7 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

-6.0 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

-6.6 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

-7.1 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Probenecid with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • Intravesical Cidofovir for Hemorrhagic Cystitis

    NCT01816646 · start 2013-09

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01816646
    Conditions
    Blood And Marrow Transplantation
    Interventions
    Cidofovir; Probenecid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-09
    Completion
    2016-12
    Enrolment
    6

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionBlood And Marrow Transplantation
    InterventionCidofovir; Probenecid
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • A Study of Baricitinib and Probenecid in Healthy Participants

    NCT01937026 · start 2013-09

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01937026
    Conditions
    Healthy Volunteers
    Interventions
    Baricitinib; Probenecid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-09
    Completion
    2013-11
    Enrolment
    18

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy Volunteers
    InterventionBaricitinib; Probenecid
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Repurposing Probenecid as a Positive Inotrope for the Treatment of Heart Failure

    NCT01814319 · start 2013-03

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01814319
    Conditions
    Systolic Heart Failure
    Interventions
    Probenecid 1 gr oral twice daily; Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-03
    Completion
    2015-06
    Enrolment
    20

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSystolic Heart Failure
    InterventionProbenecid 1 gr oral twice daily; Placebo
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Drug-interaction Trial in Healthy Subjects With Oral Administration of Empagliflozin (BI 10773), Rifampicin and Probenecid

    NCT01634100 · start 2012-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01634100
    Conditions
    Healthy
    Interventions
    Probenecid; Rifampicin; Empagliflozin; Empagliflozin; Rifampicin; Probenecid; Empagliflozin (BI 10773)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2012-06
    Completion
    2012-08
    Enrolment
    18

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy
    InterventionProbenecid; Rifampicin; Empagliflozin; Empagliflozin +3 more
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • A Study to Assess the Effects of Multiple-Dose Probenecid on the Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Canagliflozin in Healthy Volunteers

    NCT01428284 · start 2011-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01428284
    Conditions
    Healthy
    Interventions
    Canagliflozin/Probenecid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-08
    Completion
    2011-10
    Enrolment
    14

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy
    InterventionCanagliflozin/Probenecid
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Study of Vitamin D and Uric Acid Lowering on Kidney and Blood Vessel Function

    NCT01320722 · start 2011-03

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01320722
    Conditions
    Renal Function; Endothelial Function; Blood Pressure; Overweight; Obesity
    Interventions
    Vitamin D ergocalciferol; Probenecid; Allopurinol; Placebo; Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-03
    Completion
    2015-06
    Enrolment
    242

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionRenal Function; Endothelial Function; Blood Pressure; Overweight +1 more
    InterventionVitamin D ergocalciferol; Probenecid; Allopurinol; Placebo +1 more
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Overcoming Membrane Transporters to Improve CNS Drug Delivery - Improving Brain Antioxidants After Traumatic Brain Injury

    NCT01322009 · start 2011-03

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01322009
    Conditions
    Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
    Interventions
    Probenecid and N-acetyl cysteine; Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1 / Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-03
    Completion
    2015-03
    Enrolment
    14

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
    InterventionProbenecid and N-acetyl cysteine; Placebo
    PhasePhase 1 / Phase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Comparison of Intravenous Cefazolin Plus Oral Probenecid With Oral Cephalexin for the Treatment of Cellulitis

    NCT01029782 · start 2010-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01029782
    Conditions
    Cellulitis
    Interventions
    IV cefazolin plus oral probenecid and placebo cephalexin; Oral cephalexin and saline IV plus probenecid placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2010-05
    Completion
    2014-10
    Enrolment
    206

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionCellulitis
    InterventionIV cefazolin plus oral probenecid and placebo cephalexin; Oral cephalexin and saline IV plus probenecid placebo
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Drug Interaction Study of Olmesartan in Healthy Chinese Volunteers

    NCT01907373 · start 2009-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01907373
    Conditions
    Drug Interaction of Olmesartan in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
    Interventions
    olmesartan medoxomil; olmesartan medoxomil+probenecid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-08
    Completion
    2009-10
    Enrolment
    12

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionDrug Interaction of Olmesartan in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
    Interventionolmesartan medoxomil; olmesartan medoxomil+probenecid
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • A Drug Interaction Study of VI-0521 With Metformin, Sitagliptan and Probenecid in Healthy Subjects.

    NCT00842400 · start 2009-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00842400
    Conditions
    Obesity
    Interventions
    Metformin, VI-0521, Sitagliptan, Probenecid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-02
    Completion
    2009-04
    Enrolment
    20

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionObesity
    InterventionMetformin, VI-0521, Sitagliptan, Probenecid
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Primary Prevention of Hypertension in Obese Adolescents

    NCT00288158 · start 2008-09

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00288158
    Conditions
    Obesity; Pre-Hypertension; Hyperuricemia
    Interventions
    Allopurinol; Probenecid; Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2008-09
    Completion
    2011-01
    Enrolment
    60

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionObesity; Pre-Hypertension; Hyperuricemia
    InterventionAllopurinol; Probenecid; Placebo
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Pharmacologic Study of Oseltamivir in Healthy Volunteers

    NCT00439530 · start 2006-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00439530
    Conditions
    Avian Influenza A Virus
    Interventions
    oseltamivir; probenecid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2006-11
    Completion
    2007-04
    Enrolment
    21

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAvian Influenza A Virus
    Interventionoseltamivir; probenecid
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Evaluating the Transporter Protein Inhibitor Probenecid In Patients With Epilepsy

    NCT00610532 · start 2006-03

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00610532
    Conditions
    Epilepsy
    Interventions
    phenytoin; phenytoin and probenecid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2006-03
    Completion
    2011-06
    Enrolment
    8

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionEpilepsy
    Interventionphenytoin; phenytoin and probenecid
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Oral Moxifloxacin Versus Cefazolin and Oral Probenecid in the Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Emergency Department

    NCT00323219 · start 2004-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00323219
    Conditions
    Cellulitis
    Interventions
    Cefazolin and Moxifloxacin
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2004-01
    Completion
    2013-12
    Enrolment
    390

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionCellulitis
    InterventionCefazolin and Moxifloxacin
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • 10-Propargyl-10-Deazaaminopterin Plus Probenecid in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

    NCT00024245 · start 2001-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00024245
    Conditions
    Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific
    Interventions
    pralatrexate; probenecid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2001-05
    Completion
    2003-04
    Enrolment
    Not recorded

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionUnspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific
    Interventionpralatrexate; probenecid
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted