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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Primaquine Phosphate

FDA-approved product (tablet, oral), marketed as Primaquine, Primaquine Phosphate.

Registered studies
50+
Lab records
1
Pathogens at ≥40%
1 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Primaquine Phosphate
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Malaria

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels.

WHO therapeutic group
Aminoquinolines
Anti-infective classification
Classified as another kind of anti-infective (for example an antifungal, antiviral or antiparasitic medicine).WHO ATC P01BA03

Repurposing investigation

This medicine is being investigated here for AI-predicted antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis. It was surfaced computationally for further investigation; it is not an established treatment for this infection.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA38.9% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli26.3% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae17.8% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis59.4% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates. This medicine was in the model's training data, so this is recall, not a new prediction.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

50+registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. The registry search keeps the first 50, so there may be more. See them below.

Experimental

  • M. tuberculosis: measured active in 0 of 1 lab record
Open Primaquine Phosphate in ChEMBL Registered studies below
Show the 1 laboratory record, with sources

Loading records…

“Active” means the measured value reached this project’s laboratory cutoff (10 µM or stronger). A laboratory result does not show an effect in patients.

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

-6.7 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

-6.3 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

-5.7 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

-7.2 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Primaquine Phosphate with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • Effect of ACT-451840 Against Early Plasmodium Falciparum Blood Stage Infection in Healthy Subjects

    NCT02223871 · start 2014-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02223871
    Conditions
    Healthy Subjects
    Interventions
    ACT-451840:; Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes:; Artemether 20 mg and lumefantrine 120mg combination tablet:; Primaquine:
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2014-06
    Completion
    2014-07
    Enrolment
    8

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy Subjects
    InterventionACT-451840:; Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes:; Artemether 20 mg and lumefantrine 120mg combination tablet:; Primaquine:
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Plasmodium Vivax Efficacy Trial in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil

    NCT02043652 · start 2014-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02043652
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    Chloroquine; Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2014-02
    Completion
    2014-12
    Enrolment
    119

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    InterventionChloroquine; Primaquine
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Harmonized AS/MQ Efficacy Study - Thailand

    NCT02052323 · start 2013-10

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02052323
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    Artesunate/mefloquine (AS/MQ)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-10
    Completion
    2015-10
    Enrolment
    48

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    InterventionArtesunate/mefloquine (AS/MQ)
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Phase2a Primaquine Dose Escalation Study

    NCT01743820 · start 2013-09

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01743820
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; 0.125 mg/kg Primaquine; 0.5 mg/kg Primaquine; 0.25 mg/kg Primaquine; 0.0625 mg/kg Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-09
    Completion
    2014-12
    Enrolment
    81

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    Interventiondihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; 0.125 mg/kg Primaquine; 0.5 mg/kg Primaquine; 0.25 mg/kg Primaquine +1 more
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Primaquine's Gametocytocidal Efficacy in Malaria Asymptomatic Carriers

    NCT01838902 · start 2013-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01838902
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    DHA-PPQ; PQ (0.75); PQ (0.4); PQ (0.2)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-08
    Completion
    2015-10
    Enrolment
    467

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    InterventionDHA-PPQ; PQ (0.75); PQ (0.4); PQ (0.2)
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Pharmacokinetic and in Vitro Transmission Blocking Activities Study of Primaquine Compare to Methylene Blue in Healthy Volunteer Both G6PD Normal and G6PD Deficiency

    NCT01668433 · start 2013-07

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01668433
    Conditions
    G6PD Normal; G6PD Deficient; Healthy
    Interventions
    Regimens (Primaquine, Methylene blue)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-07
    Completion
    2014-10
    Enrolment
    20

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionG6PD Normal; G6PD Deficient; Healthy
    InterventionRegimens (Primaquine, Methylene blue)
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • The Optimal Timing Of Primaquine To Prevent Malaria Transmission After Artemisinin-Combination Therapy

    NCT01906788 · start 2013-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01906788
    Conditions
    Malaria Transmission
    Interventions
    Artemether Lumefantrine; Artemether Lumefantrine 6 dose regimen & single dose of Primaquine on day 0; Artemether Lumefantrine 6 dose regimen and single dose Primaquine on day 2
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2013-05
    Completion
    2013-10
    Enrolment
    250

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria Transmission
    InterventionArtemether Lumefantrine; Artemether Lumefantrine 6 dose regimen & single dose of Primaquine on day 0; Artemether Lumefantrine 6 dose regimen and single dose Primaquine on day 2
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusUnknown

  • Targeted Chemo-elimination (TCE) of Malaria

    NCT01872702 · start 2013-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01872702
    Conditions
    Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria
    Interventions
    malaria elimination using DP and low-dose primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-04
    Completion
    2017-07
    Enrolment
    8,000

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPlasmodium Falciparum Malaria
    Interventionmalaria elimination using DP and low-dose primaquine
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Safety and Efficacy of Chloroquine and Primaquine for Vivax Malaria in Bhutan

    NCT01716260 · start 2013-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01716260
    Conditions
    Vivax Malaria
    Interventions
    Chloroquine; Primaquine
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-01
    Completion
    2015-10
    Enrolment
    24

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionVivax Malaria
    InterventionChloroquine; Primaquine
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Primaquine Pharmacokinetics in Lactating Women and Their Infants

    NCT01780753 · start 2012-12

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01780753
    Conditions
    Vivax Malaria
    Interventions
    Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2012-12
    Completion
    2014-12
    Enrolment
    20

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionVivax Malaria
    InterventionPrimaquine
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Antimalarial Drug Resistance With Assessment of Transmission Blocking Activity

    NCT01849640 · start 2012-12

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01849640
    Conditions
    Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria
    Interventions
    DHA-piperaquine and Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Suspended
    Start
    2012-12
    Completion
    2016-06
    Enrolment
    150

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionUncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria
    InterventionDHA-piperaquine and Primaquine
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusSuspended

  • Comparison of Two Antimalarial Drugs Regimens in Patient With Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Thailand

    NCT01662700 · start 2012-10

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01662700
    Conditions
    Acute Uncomplicated Malaria With P.Vivax Infection
    Interventions
    Artesunate; Chloroquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2012-10
    Completion
    2014-12
    Enrolment
    120

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAcute Uncomplicated Malaria With P.Vivax Infection
    InterventionArtesunate; Chloroquine
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusUnknown

  • Pharmacokinetic Study of Primaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in Healthy Subjects

    NCT01525511 · start 2012-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01525511
    Conditions
    Healthy
    Interventions
    A; B
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2012-06
    Completion
    2012-09
    Enrolment
    16

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy
    InterventionA; B
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Pharmacokinetic Study of Primaquine and Pyronaridine-Artesunate in Healthy Subjects

    NCT01552330 · start 2012-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01552330
    Conditions
    Healthy
    Interventions
    Primaquine and Pyronaridine-artesunate; Primaquine and Pyronaridine-Artesunate
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2012-05
    Completion
    2012-10
    Enrolment
    17

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy
    InterventionPrimaquine and Pyronaridine-artesunate; Primaquine and Pyronaridine-Artesunate
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Malaria Challenge in Healthy Volunteers

    NCT01500980 · start 2011-12

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01500980
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    P. falciparum infection; Chloroquine; Primaquine; Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-12
    Completion
    2012-11
    Enrolment
    36

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    InterventionP. falciparum infection; Chloroquine; Primaquine; Primaquine
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted