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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Primaquine Phosphate

FDA-approved product (tablet, oral), marketed as Primaquine, Primaquine Phosphate.

Registered studies
50+
Lab records
1
Pathogens at ≥40%
1 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Primaquine Phosphate
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Malaria

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels.

WHO therapeutic group
Aminoquinolines
Anti-infective classification
Classified as another kind of anti-infective (for example an antifungal, antiviral or antiparasitic medicine).WHO ATC P01BA03

Repurposing investigation

This medicine is being investigated here for AI-predicted antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis. It was surfaced computationally for further investigation; it is not an established treatment for this infection.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA38.9% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli26.3% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae17.8% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis59.4% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates. This medicine was in the model's training data, so this is recall, not a new prediction.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

50+registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. The registry search keeps the first 50, so there may be more. See them below.

Experimental

  • M. tuberculosis: measured active in 0 of 1 lab record
Open Primaquine Phosphate in ChEMBL Registered studies below
Show the 1 laboratory record, with sources

Loading records…

“Active” means the measured value reached this project’s laboratory cutoff (10 µM or stronger). A laboratory result does not show an effect in patients.

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

-6.7 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

-6.3 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

-5.7 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

-7.2 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Primaquine Phosphate with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • Combination Momordica Charantia Extract and Primaquine Againts Plasmodium Falciparum Uncomplicated and Plasmodium Vivax Uncomplicated Treatment in Manokwari, West Papua

    NCT06036030 · start 2019-01-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT06036030
    Conditions
    Malaria,Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Malaria; Infections; Uncomplicated Malaria; Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum
    Interventions
    Dihydroartemisinin; Piperaquine; Primaquine; Momordica Charantia Extract
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2019-01-11
    Completion
    2019-04-16
    Enrolment
    50

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria,Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Malaria; Infections +2 more
    InterventionDihydroartemisinin; Piperaquine; Primaquine; Momordica Charantia Extract
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Safety and Efficacy of Different Regimens of Primaquine on Vivax Malaria Treatment in G6PD Deficient Patients

    NCT03529396 · start 2018-07-20

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03529396
    Conditions
    Vivax Malaria; G6PD Deficiency
    Interventions
    Chloroquine; Primaquine; Primaquine; Chloroquine; Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2018-07-20
    Completion
    2023-07-06
    Enrolment
    106

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionVivax Malaria; G6PD Deficiency
    InterventionChloroquine; Primaquine; Primaquine; Chloroquine +1 more
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • DHA-PQP vs Chloroquine and Primaquine for Radical Cure of Vivax Malaria in Brazil

    NCT03208907 · start 2018-07-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03208907
    Conditions
    Malaria, Vivax; Therapeutics
    Interventions
    CQ coadministered with PQ; DHA-PQP coadministered with PQ; CQ and PQ starting on Day 42; DHA-PQP and PQ starting on Day 42
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2018-07-05
    Completion
    2021-07-02
    Enrolment
    419

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria, Vivax; Therapeutics
    InterventionCQ coadministered with PQ; DHA-PQP coadministered with PQ; CQ and PQ starting on Day 42; DHA-PQP and PQ starting on Day 42
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Efficacy and Safety Study of Tafenoquine (TQ) Co-administered With Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQP) for the Radical Cure of Plasmodium Vivax (P. Vivax) Malaria

    NCT02802501 · start 2018-04-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02802501
    Conditions
    Malaria, Vivax
    Interventions
    Tafenoquine; Matched-Placebo for Tafenoquine; Primaquine; Matched-Placebo for Primaquine; Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQP); ACT plus PQ (Rescue medication); PQ (End of study treatment)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2018-04-08
    Completion
    2019-08-19
    Enrolment
    150

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria, Vivax
    InterventionTafenoquine; Matched-Placebo for Tafenoquine; Primaquine; Matched-Placebo for Primaquine +3 more
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • "Prolonging the Therapeutic Life Span of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACT) in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania"

    NCT03241901 · start 2017-07-27

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03241901
    Conditions
    Malaria,Falciparum
    Interventions
    Artemether-Lumefantrine Tab 20-120mg; Primaquine Phosphate 0.25 mg/kg; Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2017-07-27
    Completion
    2018-02-17
    Enrolment
    280

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria,Falciparum
    InterventionArtemether-Lumefantrine Tab 20-120mg; Primaquine Phosphate 0.25 mg/kg; Placebo
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine Enantiomers in Human Volunteers, Study 1

    NCT02898779 · start 2017-05-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02898779
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    Primaquine, R-Primaquine, S-Primaquine, SR Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2017-05-01
    Completion
    2018-03-01
    Enrolment
    36

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    InterventionPrimaquine, R-Primaquine, S-Primaquine, SR Primaquine
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Phase 2 Efficacy Study of Primaquine and Methylene Blue

    NCT02831023 · start 2016-07

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02831023
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; 0.25 mg/kg primaquine; Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; Methylene blue; Amodiaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2016-07
    Completion
    2017-01
    Enrolment
    80

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    InterventionSulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; 0.25 mg/kg primaquine; Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; Methylene blue +1 more
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Methylene Blue Against Vivax Malaria in Ethiopia

    NCT02696928 · start 2016-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02696928
    Conditions
    Vivax Malaria
    Interventions
    Artemeter-Lumefantrine and MB (combination therapy); Artemeter-Lumefantrine (combination therapy); Artemeter-Lumefantrine and Primaquine (combination therapy)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Withdrawn
    Start
    2016-04
    Completion
    2018-01
    Enrolment
    0

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionVivax Malaria
    InterventionArtemeter-Lumefantrine and MB (combination therapy); Artemeter-Lumefantrine (combination therapy); Artemeter-Lumefantrine and Primaquine (combination therapy)
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusWithdrawn

  • TES of Chloroquine for Pv in the Philippines in 2016

    NCT05958797 · start 2016-01-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT05958797
    Conditions
    Malaria; Vivax Malaria; Recrudescence
    Interventions
    Chloroquine; Primaquine
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2016-01-04
    Completion
    2016-12-29
    Enrolment
    74

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria; Vivax Malaria; Recrudescence
    InterventionChloroquine; Primaquine
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Malaria Elimination Pilot Study in Military Forces in Cambodia

    NCT02653898 · start 2016-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02653898
    Conditions
    Malaria; Parasitic Diseases
    Interventions
    DHA-PIP; Primaquine; Artesunate + Mefloquine; Permethrin (Insecticide treated uniform)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2016-01
    Completion
    2021-12
    Enrolment
    1,050

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria; Parasitic Diseases
    InterventionDHA-PIP; Primaquine; Artesunate + Mefloquine; Permethrin (Insecticide treated uniform)
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusUnknown

  • A Study to Assess Current Standard Malaria Treatment Guidelines in the Republic of the Sudan

    NCT02592408 · start 2015-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02592408
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    ASP; SDPQ; 14DPQ; 14DPQ on Day 42
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2015-11
    Completion
    2016-05
    Enrolment
    320

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    InterventionASP; SDPQ; 14DPQ; 14DPQ on Day 42
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Study to Assess the Incidence of Hemolysis, Safety, and Efficacy of Tafenoquine (SB-252263, WR238605) Versus Primaquine in Subjects With Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

    NCT02216123 · start 2015-04-30

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02216123
    Conditions
    Malaria, Vivax
    Interventions
    Tafenoquine; Tafenoquine Placebo; Chloroquine; Primaquine; Primaquine Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2015-04-30
    Completion
    2016-11-04
    Enrolment
    251

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria, Vivax
    InterventionTafenoquine; Tafenoquine Placebo; Chloroquine; Primaquine +1 more
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Effectiveness of OZ439 as a Gametocytocidal and Transmission Blocking Agent

    NCT02431650 · start 2015-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02431650
    Conditions
    Malaria
    Interventions
    OZ439; Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1 / Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2015-04
    Completion
    2016-09
    Enrolment
    11

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria
    InterventionOZ439; Primaquine
    PhasePhase 1 / Phase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • TES of Artemether-lumefantrine for Pf in the Philippines in 2015

    NCT05958693 · start 2015-01-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT05958693
    Conditions
    Malaria,Falciparum; Malaria Recrudescence
    Interventions
    Artemether-lumefantrine; Primaquine
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2015-01-05
    Completion
    2015-12-30
    Enrolment
    82

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria,Falciparum; Malaria Recrudescence
    InterventionArtemether-lumefantrine; Primaquine
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Efficacy of Chloroquine (CQ) Alone Compared to Concomitant CQ and Primaquine for Plasmodium Vivax Infection

    NCT02691910 · start 2014-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02691910
    Conditions
    Malaria, Vivax
    Interventions
    Chloroquine; Primaquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2 / Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2014-08
    Completion
    2015-09
    Enrolment
    204

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMalaria, Vivax
    InterventionChloroquine; Primaquine
    PhasePhase 2 / Phase 3
    Registry statusCompleted