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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Ritonavir

FDA-approved product (solution, oral), marketed as Norvir, Ritonavir.

Registered studies
50+
Lab records
0
Pathogens at ≥40%
3 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Ritonavir
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Chronic hepatitis C virus infection
  • Hepatitis C virus infection
  • HIV infection
  • HIV-1 infection
  • Viral disease

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels. Label ↗

WHO therapeutic group
Protease inhibitors
FDA pharmacologic class
Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor; Protease Inhibitor FDA label ↗
Anti-infective classification
Classified as another kind of anti-infective (for example an antifungal, antiviral or antiparasitic medicine).WHO ATC J05AE03

Repurposing investigation

This medicine is being investigated here for AI-predicted antimicrobial activity against MRSA, E. coli and M. tuberculosis. It was surfaced computationally for further investigation; it is not an established treatment for these infections.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA49.4% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli41.2% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae22.5% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis54.1% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

50+registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. The registry search keeps the first 50, so there may be more. See them below.

Experimental

No evidence found

No laboratory measurement against the four pathogens in the ChEMBL records loaded here.

Open Ritonavir in ChEMBL Registered studies below

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

Not yet docked: queued in the docking rundetails

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

Not yet docked: queued in the docking rundetails

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

Not yet docked: queued in the docking rundetails

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

Not yet docked: queued in the docking rundetails

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Ritonavir with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • Effects of Intensive cART During Acute/Early HIV Infection

    NCT01154673 · start 2011-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01154673
    Conditions
    Acute HIV Infection
    Interventions
    raltegravir; maraviroc; emtricitabine 200mg /tenofovir 300mg; lopinavir 400 mg/ritonavir 100mg
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2 / Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-11
    Completion
    2014-09
    Enrolment
    32

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAcute HIV Infection
    Interventionraltegravir; maraviroc; emtricitabine 200mg /tenofovir 300mg; lopinavir 400 mg/ritonavir 100mg
    PhasePhase 2 / Phase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Study to Evaluate the Activity and Tolerability of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Lamivudine Bitherapy in HIV Patients With Viral Suppression

    NCT01471821 · start 2011-10

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01471821
    Conditions
    HIV Infection
    Interventions
    antiretroviral treatment
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-10
    Completion
    2014-04
    Enrolment
    250

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV Infection
    Interventionantiretroviral treatment
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Switch to Darunavir/r + Maraviroc Quaque Die in Patients With R5 Tropism by Viral DNA Genotyping (GUSTA)

    NCT01367210 · start 2011-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01367210
    Conditions
    HIV Infection
    Interventions
    Maraviroc, Darunavir/r; current antiretroviral therapy with 3 drugs
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2011-06
    Completion
    2015-06
    Enrolment
    165

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV Infection
    InterventionMaraviroc, Darunavir/r; current antiretroviral therapy with 3 drugs
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Treatment Perception of QD (Once a Day) Dosed Kaletra (Tablets)

    NCT01383005 · start 2011-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01383005
    Conditions
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
    Interventions
    Not recorded
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-06
    Completion
    2011-12
    Enrolment
    97

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
    InterventionNot recorded
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Evaluating Strategies to Reduce Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection in Resource-Limited Countries

    NCT01061151 · start 2011-03-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01061151
    Conditions
    HIV Infections
    Interventions
    Zidovudine (ZDV); Nevirapine (NVP): Antepartum Mothers; Emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada [TRV]) tail; Lamivudine-Zidovudine (3TC-ZDV); Lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV-RTV); Emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada [TRV]); Nevirapine (NVP): Infant short-course; Nevirapine (NVP): Infant extended; No Intervention; Discontinue triple ARVs; Continue triple ARVs
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-03-01
    Completion
    2016-09-30
    Enrolment
    3,747

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV Infections
    InterventionZidovudine (ZDV); Nevirapine (NVP): Antepartum Mothers; Emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada [TRV]) tail; Lamivudine-Zidovudine (3TC-ZDV) +7 more
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • TMC435-TiDP16-C115 - A Study in Healthy Volunteers Investigating the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between TMC435 and Erythromycin and Between TMC435 and Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r)

    NCT01323257 · start 2011-03

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01323257
    Conditions
    Hepatitis C Virus
    Interventions
    erythromycin; Ritonavir; TMC435; Darunavir; TMC435; erythromycin
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-03
    Completion
    2011-08
    Enrolment
    49

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHepatitis C Virus
    Interventionerythromycin; Ritonavir; TMC435; Darunavir +2 more
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Switching From Efavirenz to Atazanavir/ Ritonavir in HIV-infected Subjects With Good Virologic Suppression

    NCT01194856 · start 2010-10

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01194856
    Conditions
    HIV Infection; Mitochondrial Dysfunction
    Interventions
    Atazanavir/ritonavir; Efavirenz
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2010-10
    Completion
    2011-12
    Enrolment
    1

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV Infection; Mitochondrial Dysfunction
    InterventionAtazanavir/ritonavir; Efavirenz
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Atazanavir/Ritonavir and Darunavir/Ritonavir PK Tail Study

    NCT01073761 · start 2010-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01073761
    Conditions
    HIV; HIV Infections
    Interventions
    darunavir/ritonavir then atazanavir/ritonavir
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2010-04
    Completion
    2010-06
    Enrolment
    25

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV; HIV Infections
    Interventiondarunavir/ritonavir then atazanavir/ritonavir
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Disulfiram Interactions With HIV Medications: Clinical Implications

    NCT00878306 · start 2008-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00878306
    Conditions
    HIV Infections; Drug Abuse
    Interventions
    Disulfiram; Disulfiram + Efavirenz; Disulfiram + Atazanavir; Disulfiram + Ritonavir
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2008-11
    Completion
    2013-04
    Enrolment
    40

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV Infections; Drug Abuse
    InterventionDisulfiram; Disulfiram + Efavirenz; Disulfiram + Atazanavir; Disulfiram + Ritonavir
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Lopinavir/r or Fosamprenavir/r Switch to Atazanavir/r or Darunavir/r

    NCT00756730 · start 2008-09

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00756730
    Conditions
    HIV Infections
    Interventions
    ATV/r; DRV/r
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2008-09
    Completion
    2011-06
    Enrolment
    49

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV Infections
    InterventionATV/r; DRV/r
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • ALTAIR - Alternative Antiretroviral Strategies : a Comparison of Three Initial Regimens

    NCT00335322 · start 2007-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00335322
    Conditions
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
    Interventions
    Truvada (fixed dose combination of tenofovir + emtricitabine) + Stocrin (efavirenz); Truvada (fixed dose combination of tenofovir + emtricitabine)+ ritonavir/atazanavir (r/ATV); Truvada (fixed dose combination of tenofovir + emtricitabine) + zidovudine (ZDV) + abacavir (ABC)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2007-02
    Completion
    2011-11
    Enrolment
    329

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
    InterventionTruvada (fixed dose combination of tenofovir + emtricitabine) + Stocrin (efavirenz); Truvada (fixed dose combination of tenofovir + emtricitabine)+ ritonavir/atazanavir (r/ATV); Truvada (fixed dose combination of tenofovir + emtricitabine) + zidovudine (ZDV) + abacavir (ABC)
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy Versus Standard Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients Starting Treatment With Anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Therapy

    NCT00437684 · start 2007-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00437684
    Conditions
    HIV Infections; Hepatitis C
    Interventions
    LPV/r; PEG-IFNa 2a; Ribavirin; NUCS
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2007-02
    Completion
    2010-12
    Enrolment
    50

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV Infections; Hepatitis C
    InterventionLPV/r; PEG-IFNa 2a; Ribavirin; NUCS
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusUnknown

  • Pilot Study of Effect of Kaletra on CD4 Response in HIV Positive (+) Patients With Viral Suppression KIMBO Study

    NCT00344487 · start 2005-12

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00344487
    Conditions
    HIV
    Interventions
    Lopinavir/Ritonavir
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2005-12
    Completion
    2009-09
    Enrolment
    3

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV
    InterventionLopinavir/Ritonavir
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusTerminated

  • A Dose Ranging Study Of GW640385 Boosted With Ritonavir (Rtv) In Comparison To A RTV-Boosted Protease Inhibitor (PI) In HIV-1 Infected PI-Experienced Adults

    NCT00242879 · start 2005-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00242879
    Conditions
    Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus I; HIV-1 Infection
    Interventions
    Physician determined comparator PI + ritonavir; GW640385 + ritonavir
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2005-08
    Completion
    2007-06
    Enrolment
    130

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionInfection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus I; HIV-1 Infection
    InterventionPhysician determined comparator PI + ritonavir; GW640385 + ritonavir
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusTerminated

  • "The Once A Day Protease Inhibitor Regimens"

    NCT00242216 · start 2004-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00242216
    Conditions
    HIV Infections
    Interventions
    ritonavir-boosted atazanavir; ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2004-05
    Completion
    2010-03
    Enrolment
    76

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHIV Infections
    Interventionritonavir-boosted atazanavir; ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted