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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Clozapine

FDA-approved product (tablet, oral), marketed as Clozapine, Clozaril, Fazaclo Odt and 1 more.

Registered studies
50+
Lab records
0
Pathogens at ≥40%
3 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Clozapine
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Psychosis
  • Schizoaffective disorder
  • Schizophrenia

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels. Label ↗

WHO therapeutic group
Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines
FDA pharmacologic class
Atypical Antipsychotic FDA label ↗
Anti-infective classification
Not classified as an anti-infective.

Repurposing investigation

This medicine is being investigated here for AI-predicted antimicrobial activity against MRSA, E. coli and M. tuberculosis. It was surfaced computationally for further investigation; it is not an established treatment for these infections.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA42.8% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli48.1% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae19.7% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis63.8% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

50+registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. The registry search keeps the first 50, so there may be more. See them below.

Experimental

No evidence found

No laboratory measurement against the four pathogens in the ChEMBL records loaded here.

Open Clozapine in ChEMBL Registered studies below

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

-7.0 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

-6.7 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

-7.7 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

-7.6 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Clozapine with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials to Compare Antipsychotic Treatments(SMART-CAT)

    NCT03510325 · start 2019-02-12

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03510325
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia
    Interventions
    Phase 1: Olanzapine; Phase 1: Risperidone; Phase 1: Amisulpride; Phase 1: Aripiprazole; Phase 1: Perphenazine; Phase 2: Olanzapine; Phase 2: Amisulpride; Phase 2: Clozapine; Phase 3A: Clozapine extended treatment or Combined clozapine-MECT therapy; Phase 3B: Clozapine or another SGAs
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2019-02-12
    Completion
    2023-09-27
    Enrolment
    762

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia
    InterventionPhase 1: Olanzapine; Phase 1: Risperidone; Phase 1: Amisulpride; Phase 1: Aripiprazole +6 more
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Comparison of Maintenance ECT Versus Clozapine in Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia

    NCT03807882 · start 2019-02-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03807882
    Conditions
    Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia
    Interventions
    Bilateral M-ECT; Clozapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2019-02-01
    Completion
    2020-06-30
    Enrolment
    60

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionTreatment Resistant Schizophrenia
    InterventionBilateral M-ECT; Clozapine
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • The Efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Chronic Schizophrenia

    NCT03772951 · start 2019-01-10

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03772951
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia
    Interventions
    Cognitive Remediation Therapy; Clozapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2019-01-10
    Completion
    2021-03-31
    Enrolment
    154

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia
    InterventionCognitive Remediation Therapy; Clozapine
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Neural Biomarkers of Clozapine Response

    NCT03076346 · start 2017-09-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03076346
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia; Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    Interventions
    Not recorded
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2017-09-01
    Completion
    2020-12-31
    Enrolment
    41

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia; Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    InterventionNot recorded
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Switching From Twice-Daily to Once-Daily Clozapine Dosing in Schizophrenia

    NCT02639702 · start 2016-10-15

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02639702
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    Interventions
    Clozapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Recruiting
    Start
    2016-10-15
    Completion
    2027-12-31
    Enrolment
    30

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    InterventionClozapine
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusRecruiting

  • Clozapine-induced Hypersalivation - Feasibility Trial

    NCT02613494 · start 2016-01-25

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02613494
    Conditions
    Sialorrhea
    Interventions
    Hyoscine; Glycopyrrolate; Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1 / Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2016-01-25
    Completion
    2018-02-23
    Enrolment
    29

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSialorrhea
    InterventionHyoscine; Glycopyrrolate; Placebo
    PhasePhase 1 / Phase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • The Significance of Deviation in Time From the 12-hour Standard Serum-clozapine Monitoring.

    NCT02625103 · start 2015-09

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02625103
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia
    Interventions
    Blood sampling; Clozapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2015-09
    Completion
    2016-02
    Enrolment
    48

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia
    InterventionBlood sampling; Clozapine
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Evaluation of the Necessity of Long-term Pharmacological Treatment With Antipsychotics in Schizophrenic Patients

    NCT02307396 · start 2015-02-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02307396
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia and Disorders With Psychotic Features; Schizoaffective Disorders
    Interventions
    Olanzapine; Amisulpride; Risperidone; Haloperidol; Quetiapine; Perphenazine; Sulpiride; bromperidol; Zuclopenthixol; Thioridazine; Paliperidone; Ziprasidone; Benperidol; Fluspirilene; Pimozide; Perazine; Fluphenazine; Flupentixole; Sertindole
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2015-02-01
    Completion
    2016-06-22
    Enrolment
    21

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia; Schizophrenia and Disorders With Psychotic Features; Schizoaffective Disorders
    InterventionOlanzapine; Amisulpride; Risperidone; Haloperidol +15 more
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Study of the Effect of Dosing on Clozapine Levels

    NCT02286206 · start 2015-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02286206
    Conditions
    Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
    Interventions
    Clozapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Withdrawn
    Start
    2015-01
    Completion
    2017-12
    Enrolment
    0

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPsychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
    InterventionClozapine
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusWithdrawn

  • Adjunctive Low-dose Metformin in Patients With Schizophrenia and Metabolic Abnormalities

    NCT02751307 · start 2013-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02751307
    Conditions
    Metabolic Syndrome
    Interventions
    metformin 500 mg; clozapine 100 mg
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-05
    Completion
    2015-01
    Enrolment
    55

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMetabolic Syndrome
    Interventionmetformin 500 mg; clozapine 100 mg
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • An Observational Drug Utilization Study of Asenapine in the United Kingdom (P08308)

    NCT01498770 · start 2013-04-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01498770
    Conditions
    Bipolar Disorder
    Interventions
    Asenapine; Aripiprazole; Quetiapine; Risperidone; Olanzapine; Ziprasidone; Iloperidone; Paliperidone; Lurasidone; Clozapine; Amisulpride; Sertindole; Zotepine
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-04-01
    Completion
    2017-12-21
    Enrolment
    42

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionBipolar Disorder
    InterventionAsenapine; Aripiprazole; Quetiapine; Risperidone +9 more
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Reducing Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain in Children With Metformin

    NCT01231074 · start 2010-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01231074
    Conditions
    Obesity; Weight Gain; Psychotropic Induced Weight Gain
    Interventions
    Metformin
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2010-02
    Completion
    2013-05
    Enrolment
    96

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionObesity; Weight Gain; Psychotropic Induced Weight Gain
    InterventionMetformin
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in Patients With Super Refractory Schizophrenia

    NCT02049021 · start 2010-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02049021
    Conditions
    Refractory Schizophrenia; Super Refractory Schizophrenia
    Interventions
    MECTA SPECTRUM 5000Q ECT; Sham ECT
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2010-02
    Completion
    Not recorded
    Enrolment
    20

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionRefractory Schizophrenia; Super Refractory Schizophrenia
    InterventionMECTA SPECTRUM 5000Q ECT; Sham ECT
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusUnknown

  • Polypharmacy in Clozapine-resistant Schizophrenia

    NCT00918021 · start 2009-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00918021
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    Interventions
    olanzapine; placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-06
    Completion
    2010-07
    Enrolment
    30

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    Interventionolanzapine; placebo
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Telmisartan as an Adjunctive Treatment for Metabolic Problems in Patients With Schizophrenia

    NCT00981526 · start 2009-03

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00981526
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    Interventions
    Telmisartan; Placebo; Clozapine; Olanzapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-03
    Completion
    2012-05
    Enrolment
    66

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    InterventionTelmisartan; Placebo; Clozapine; Olanzapine
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted