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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Pentobarbital

FDA-approved product (elixir, oral), marketed as Nembutal, Nembutal Sodium, Pentobarbital Sodium and 1 more.

Registered studies
14
Lab records
0
Pathogens at ≥40%
0 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Pentobarbital
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Insomnia

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels. Label ↗

WHO therapeutic group
Barbiturates, plain
Anti-infective classification
Not classified as an anti-infective.

Repurposing investigation

No supported pathogen reaches ≥40% AI-predicted activity for Pentobarbital, so it is not among the repurposing candidates. Its predictions are shown below.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA29.9% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli20.0% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae17.4% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis23.7% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

14registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. See them below.

Experimental

No evidence found

No laboratory measurement against the four pathogens in the ChEMBL records loaded here.

Open Pentobarbital in ChEMBL Registered studies below

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

Not yet docked: queued in the docking rundetails

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

Not yet docked: queued in the docking rundetails

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

Not yet docked: queued in the docking rundetails

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

Not yet docked: queued in the docking rundetails

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Pentobarbital with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • Induction Agents in ECT: Effects on Seizure Duration, Quality, and Recovery

    NCT07596095 · start 2024-07-17

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT07596095
    Conditions
    Electroconvulsive Therapy; Anesthesia, General
    Interventions
    Propofol group; Thiopental; Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg); Ketofol
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2024-07-17
    Completion
    2025-12-31
    Enrolment
    100

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionElectroconvulsive Therapy; Anesthesia, General
    InterventionPropofol group; Thiopental; Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg); Ketofol
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Differential SERCA Expression in Laryngeal Muscles

    NCT06837467 · start 2024-01-25

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT06837467
    Conditions
    Myopathy
    Interventions
    Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2024-01-25
    Completion
    2025-02-01
    Enrolment
    40

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMyopathy
    InterventionImmunohistochemistry (IHC)
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Investigational and Comparative Study in the Management of Diabetic Nephropathy

    NCT05487755 · start 2022-02-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT05487755
    Conditions
    Diabetic Nephropathy Type 2
    Interventions
    Tadalafil 20Mg Oral Tablet; Pentoxifylline 400 MG Oral Tablet
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2022-02-01
    Completion
    2023-09-01
    Enrolment
    90

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionDiabetic Nephropathy Type 2
    InterventionTadalafil 20Mg Oral Tablet; Pentoxifylline 400 MG Oral Tablet
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Comparison of Chlorpromazine or Pentobarbital Premedications for Pediatric Imaging Procedures

    NCT04350528 · start 2020-04-30

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT04350528
    Conditions
    Children Sedation
    Interventions
    Chlorpromazine or Pentobarbital
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2020-04-30
    Completion
    2020-06-30
    Enrolment
    254

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionChildren Sedation
    InterventionChlorpromazine or Pentobarbital
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusUnknown

  • A Comparison of Two Sedation Techniques in Children Undergoing Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)

    NCT02250820 · start 2014-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02250820
    Conditions
    Heart Disease
    Interventions
    Dexmedetomidine; Pentobarbital; Oral Placebo; Nasal Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2014-11
    Completion
    2017-12
    Enrolment
    280

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHeart Disease
    InterventionDexmedetomidine; Pentobarbital; Oral Placebo; Nasal Placebo
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Pharmacokinetics of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care

    NCT01431326 · start 2011-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01431326
    Conditions
    Adenovirus; Anesthesia; Anxiety; Anxiolysis; Autism; Autistic Disorder; Bacterial Meningitis; Bacterial Septicemia; Benzodiazepine; Bipolar Disorder; Bone and Joint Infections; Central Nervous System Infections; Convulsions; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis; Early-onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders; Epilepsy; General Anesthesia; Gynecologic Infections; Herpes Simplex Virus; Infantile Hemangioma; Infection; Inflammation; Inflammatory Conditions; Intra-abdominal Infections; Lower Respiratory Tract Infections; Migraines; Pain; Pneumonia; Schizophrenia; Sedation; Seizures; Skeletal Muscle Spasms; Skin and Skin-structure Infections; Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia; Urinary Tract Infections; Withdrawal; Sepsis; Gram-negative Infection; Bradycardia; Cardiac Arrest; Cardiac Arrhythmia; Staphylococcal Infections; Nosocomial Pneumonia; Neuromuscular Blockade; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus; Endocarditis; Neutropenia; Headache; Fibrinolytic Bleeding; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; C
    Interventions
    The POPS study is collecting PK data on children prescribed the following drugs of interest per standard of care:
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-11
    Completion
    2019-11
    Enrolment
    3,520

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAdenovirus; Anesthesia; Anxiety; Anxiolysis +47 more
    InterventionThe POPS study is collecting PK data on children prescribed the following drugs of interest per standard of care:
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Comparing Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol

    NCT01152021 · start 2011-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01152021
    Conditions
    Safety and Efficacy of Sedation Medications
    Interventions
    Dexmedetomidine; Propofol
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2011-08
    Completion
    2014-07
    Enrolment
    15

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSafety and Efficacy of Sedation Medications
    InterventionDexmedetomidine; Propofol
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Sedation for Brainstem Evoked Auditory Response (BEAR) Testing Using Intravenous Pentobarbital

    NCT01282112 · start 2011-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01282112
    Conditions
    Childrens 0 to 18 Years of Age Who Require Moderate Sedation
    Interventions
    Not recorded
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-01
    Completion
    2012-07
    Enrolment
    416

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionChildrens 0 to 18 Years of Age Who Require Moderate Sedation
    InterventionNot recorded
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Dexmedetomidine Versus Pentobarbital for Pediatric Procedural Sedation

    NCT00878345 · start 2009-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00878345
    Conditions
    Sedation
    Interventions
    dexmedetomidine sedation protocol; pentobarbital sedation protocol
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Withdrawn
    Start
    2009-11
    Completion
    2010-06
    Enrolment
    0

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSedation
    Interventiondexmedetomidine sedation protocol; pentobarbital sedation protocol
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusWithdrawn

  • Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus

    NCT00265616 · start 2006-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00265616
    Conditions
    Status Epilepticus
    Interventions
    propofol; thiopental/pentobarbital
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2006-05
    Completion
    2010-03
    Enrolment
    23

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionStatus Epilepticus
    Interventionpropofol; thiopental/pentobarbital
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Pentobarbital in Neonates, Infants, and Children Following Open Heart Surgery

    NCT00577434 · start 2006-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00577434
    Conditions
    Cardiac Surgical Procedures
    Interventions
    Not recorded
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2006-04
    Completion
    2008-12
    Enrolment
    37

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionCardiac Surgical Procedures
    InterventionNot recorded
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusTerminated

  • GHB Withdrawal Symptoms and Effectiveness of Treatment With Lorazepam Versus Pentobarbital - 1

    NCT00123578 · start 2004-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00123578
    Conditions
    Substance-Related Disorders
    Interventions
    Lorazepam; Pentobarbital
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1 / Phase 2
    Registry status
    Withdrawn
    Start
    2004-08
    Completion
    2008-08
    Enrolment
    0

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSubstance-Related Disorders
    InterventionLorazepam; Pentobarbital
    PhasePhase 1 / Phase 2
    Registry statusWithdrawn

  • Physiological, Behavioral and Subjective Effects of Drugs (GHB)

    NCT00058955 · start 2003-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00058955
    Conditions
    Sedative Abuse
    Interventions
    sodium oxybate, triazolam and pentobarbital
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2003-08
    Completion
    2005-03
    Enrolment
    20

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSedative Abuse
    Interventionsodium oxybate, triazolam and pentobarbital
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Comparison of Effectiveness of Pentobarbital and Thiopental in Patients With Refractory Intracranial Hypertension

    NCT00622570 · start 2002-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00622570
    Conditions
    Traumatic Brain Injury
    Interventions
    Pentobarbital; thiopental
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2002-05
    Completion
    2007-12
    Enrolment
    44

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionTraumatic Brain Injury
    InterventionPentobarbital; thiopental
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusTerminated