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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Loxapine

FDA-approved product (powder, inhalation), marketed as Adasuve, Loxitane C, Loxitane Im and 2 more.

Registered studies
37
Lab records
0
Pathogens at ≥40%
2 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Loxapine
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Agitation
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Bipolar I disorder
  • Psychosis
  • Schizophrenia

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels. Label ↗

WHO therapeutic group
Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines
Anti-infective classification
Not classified as an anti-infective.

Repurposing investigation

This medicine is being investigated here for AI-predicted antimicrobial activity against E. coli and M. tuberculosis. It was surfaced computationally for further investigation; it is not an established treatment for these infections.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA39.2% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli44.3% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae23.4% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis58.8% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

37registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. See them below.

Experimental

No evidence found

No laboratory measurement against the four pathogens in the ChEMBL records loaded here.

Open Loxapine in ChEMBL Registered studies below

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

-6.6 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

-7.1 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

-7.8 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

-8.1 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Loxapine with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • ADASUVE 2-dose Thorough QT/QTc Study

    NCT01854710 · start 2013-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01854710
    Conditions
    Healthy Volunteers
    Interventions
    ADASUVE 10 mg 2 doses 2 hours apart; Inhaled Placebo; Oral moxifloxacin 400 mg; Oral placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-05
    Completion
    2013-07
    Enrolment
    60

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy Volunteers
    InterventionADASUVE 10 mg 2 doses 2 hours apart; Inhaled Placebo; Oral moxifloxacin 400 mg; Oral placebo
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Antipsychotics and Risk of Hyperglycemic Emergencies

    NCT02582736 · start 2012-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02582736
    Conditions
    Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder; Bipolar Disorder; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
    Interventions
    Olanzapine; Risperidone; atypical antipsychotics (other); typical antipsychotics
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2012-04
    Completion
    2012-12
    Enrolment
    725,489

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPsychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder; Bipolar Disorder +1 more
    InterventionOlanzapine; Risperidone; atypical antipsychotics (other); typical antipsychotics
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Loxapine in the Management of Restlessness During Mechanical Ventilation Weaning

    NCT01193816 · start 2011-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01193816
    Conditions
    Restlessness
    Interventions
    loxapine; Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2011-05
    Completion
    2014-07
    Enrolment
    100

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionRestlessness
    Interventionloxapine; Placebo
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Reducing Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain in Children With Metformin

    NCT01231074 · start 2010-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01231074
    Conditions
    Obesity; Weight Gain; Psychotropic Induced Weight Gain
    Interventions
    Metformin
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2010-02
    Completion
    2013-05
    Enrolment
    96

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionObesity; Weight Gain; Psychotropic Induced Weight Gain
    InterventionMetformin
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Loxapine Pulmonary Safety in Patients With COPD

    NCT00889837 · start 2009-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00889837
    Conditions
    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    Interventions
    Inhaled Loxapine; Inhaled Placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-06
    Completion
    2009-08
    Enrolment
    53

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    InterventionInhaled Loxapine; Inhaled Placebo
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Loxapine Pulmonary Safety in Patients With Asthma

    NCT00890175 · start 2009-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00890175
    Conditions
    Asthma
    Interventions
    Inhaled loxapine @ 0 & 10 h; Inhaled placebo @ 2 & 10 hours
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-05
    Completion
    2009-08
    Enrolment
    52

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAsthma
    InterventionInhaled loxapine @ 0 & 10 h; Inhaled placebo @ 2 & 10 hours
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Loxapine PK in Smokers and Nonsmokers

    NCT00873769 · start 2009-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00873769
    Conditions
    Smoking, Cigarette
    Interventions
    Inhaled Loxapine 10 mg
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-04
    Completion
    2009-06
    Enrolment
    35

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSmoking, Cigarette
    InterventionInhaled Loxapine 10 mg
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Loxapine Thorough QT/QTc Study

    NCT00874237 · start 2009-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00874237
    Conditions
    Thorough QT/QTc Study
    Interventions
    Inhaled loxapine; Inhaled placebo; Oral moxifloxacin; Oral placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-04
    Completion
    2009-06
    Enrolment
    48

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionThorough QT/QTc Study
    InterventionInhaled loxapine; Inhaled placebo; Oral moxifloxacin; Oral placebo
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Loxapine in Migraine (Out Patient)

    NCT00825500 · start 2009-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00825500
    Conditions
    Migraine Headache
    Interventions
    Inhaled Placebo; Inhaled Loxapine 1.25 mg; Inhaled Loxapine 2.5 mg
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2009-01
    Completion
    2009-08
    Enrolment
    366

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionMigraine Headache
    InterventionInhaled Placebo; Inhaled Loxapine 1.25 mg; Inhaled Loxapine 2.5 mg
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Loxapine Pulmonary Safety in Healthy Volunteers

    NCT00789360 · start 2008-11

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00789360
    Conditions
    Healthy
    Interventions
    Inhaled Placebo; Inhaled Loxapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2008-11
    Completion
    2009-04
    Enrolment
    30

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy
    InterventionInhaled Placebo; Inhaled Loxapine
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Loxapine in Agitated Patients With Bipolar Disorder

    NCT00721955 · start 2008-07

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00721955
    Conditions
    Bipolar I Disorder
    Interventions
    Inhaled Placebo; Inhaled loxapine 5 mg; Inhaled loxapine 10 mg
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2008-07
    Completion
    2008-10
    Enrolment
    314

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionBipolar I Disorder
    InterventionInhaled Placebo; Inhaled loxapine 5 mg; Inhaled loxapine 10 mg
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Haloperidol vs Olanzapine for the Management of ICU Delirium

    NCT00833300 · start 2008-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00833300
    Conditions
    Delirium; Agitation
    Interventions
    Haloperidol; Olanzapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2008-06
    Completion
    2011-11
    Enrolment
    200

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionDelirium; Agitation
    InterventionHaloperidol; Olanzapine
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Staccato Loxapine in Agitated Patients With Schizophrenia

    NCT00628589 · start 2008-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00628589
    Conditions
    Patients With Schizophrenia and Acute Agitation
    Interventions
    Inhaled loxapine 5 mg; Inhaled loxapine 10 mg; Inhaled placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2008-02
    Completion
    2008-05
    Enrolment
    344

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPatients With Schizophrenia and Acute Agitation
    InterventionInhaled loxapine 5 mg; Inhaled loxapine 10 mg; Inhaled placebo
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Prochlorperazine Thorough QT/QTc

    NCT00543062 · start 2007-10

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00543062
    Conditions
    Cardiotoxicity
    Interventions
    Inhaled placebo; Oral placebo; Inhaled prochlorperazine 5 mg; Inhaled prochlorperazine 10 mg; Oral moxifloxacin
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2007-10
    Completion
    2007-12
    Enrolment
    48

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionCardiotoxicity
    InterventionInhaled placebo; Oral placebo; Inhaled prochlorperazine 5 mg; Inhaled prochlorperazine 10 mg +1 more
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Staccato Loxapine Multidose PK

    NCT00555412 · start 2007-10

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT00555412
    Conditions
    Volunteers on Chronic, Stable Antipsychotic Regimens
    Interventions
    A - 10 mg loxapine q 4 h x 3 (30 mg total); B - 10 mg x 1, 5 mg x 2 loxapine q 4 h (20 mg total); C - 5 mg loxapine q 4 h x 3 (15 mg total); D - inhaled placebo q 4 h x 3
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2007-10
    Completion
    2007-12
    Enrolment
    40

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionVolunteers on Chronic, Stable Antipsychotic Regimens
    InterventionA - 10 mg loxapine q 4 h x 3 (30 mg total); B - 10 mg x 1, 5 mg x 2 loxapine q 4 h (20 mg total); C - 5 mg loxapine q 4 h x 3 (15 mg total); D - inhaled placebo q 4 h x 3
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted