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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

FDA-approved product (tablet, oral), marketed as Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate, Plaquenil, Sovuna.

Registered studies
50+
Lab records
0
Pathogens at ≥40%
2 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Malaria
  • Rheumatoid arthritis

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels. Label ↗

WHO therapeutic group
Aminoquinolines
Anti-infective classification
Classified as another kind of anti-infective (for example an antifungal, antiviral or antiparasitic medicine).WHO ATC P01BA02

Repurposing investigation

This medicine is being investigated here for AI-predicted antimicrobial activity against MRSA and M. tuberculosis. It was surfaced computationally for further investigation; it is not an established treatment for these infections.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA49.7% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli34.1% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae24.0% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis41.5% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

50+registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. The registry search keeps the first 50, so there may be more. See them below.

Experimental

No evidence found

No laboratory measurement against the four pathogens in the ChEMBL records loaded here.

Open Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate in ChEMBL Registered studies below

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

-6.7 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

-6.6 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

-6.1 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

-6.4 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • Utilization of a Microdevice for Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis

    NCT07352566 · start 2026-08-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT07352566
    Conditions
    Psoriasis; Atopic Dermatitis
    Interventions
    In situ cutaneous microdevice; Triamcinolone; 5-Fluorouracil; Calcipotriene; Tapinarof; Crisaborole; Tacrolimus; Adalimumab; Etanercept; Certolizumab; Infliximab; Secukinumab; Ixekizumab; Apremilast; Risankizumab; Ustekinumab; Hydroxychloroquine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolate; Azathioprine; Chloroquine; Cyclosporine; Tofacitinib; Deucravacitinib; Dupilumab; Tralokinumab; Guselkumab; Tildrakizumab; Baractinib; Abrocitinib; Upadacitinib; Lebrikizumab; Nemolizumab; Ruxolitinib; Bimekizumab; Roflumilast
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Not yet recruiting
    Start
    2026-08-01
    Completion
    2030-06-01
    Enrolment
    10

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPsoriasis; Atopic Dermatitis
    InterventionIn situ cutaneous microdevice; Triamcinolone; 5-Fluorouracil; Calcipotriene +32 more
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusNot yet recruiting

  • A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Positive-control Clinical Trial Evaluating Dihydroartemisinin Tablets for the Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

    NCT07557927 · start 2026-04-30

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT07557927
    Conditions
    Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
    Interventions
    Dihydroartemisinin tablets; Dihydroartemisinin tablets; Hydroxychloroquine tablets
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Not yet recruiting
    Start
    2026-04-30
    Completion
    2028-09-30
    Enrolment
    100

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionDiscoid Lupus Erythematosus
    InterventionDihydroartemisinin tablets; Dihydroartemisinin tablets; Hydroxychloroquine tablets
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusNot yet recruiting

  • Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Evaluation Of Patients Taking Hydroxychloroquine

    NCT07409740 · start 2026-02-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT07409740
    Conditions
    Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy
    Interventions
    Not recorded
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Not yet recruiting
    Start
    2026-02-01
    Completion
    2026-09-01
    Enrolment
    90

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHydroxychloroquine Retinopathy
    InterventionNot recorded
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusNot yet recruiting

  • Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Under Immunomodulators

    NCT07280741 · start 2025-12-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT07280741
    Conditions
    Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
    Interventions
    Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Recruiting
    Start
    2025-12-02
    Completion
    2028-07-30
    Enrolment
    200

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAutoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
    InterventionRecombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV)
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusRecruiting

  • SKIN Disease Profiling by an Exploratory, pRospective, Biomarker Study in dermatoloGY Practice (SKINERGY)

    NCT07021495 · start 2025-07-29

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT07021495
    Conditions
    Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU); Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS); Psoriasis (PsO); Atopic Dermatitis (AD); CTCL/ Mycosis Fungoides
    Interventions
    Not recorded
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Recruiting
    Start
    2025-07-29
    Completion
    2029-12-31
    Enrolment
    840

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionChronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU); Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS); Psoriasis (PsO); Atopic Dermatitis (AD) +1 more
    InterventionNot recorded
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusRecruiting

  • Comparing Endocrine Therapy Combined With High-Dose Palbociclib and Hydroxychloroquine to Endocrine Therapy Combined With Standard-Dose Palbociclib for Hormone Receptor-Positive and HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer

    NCT07061717 · start 2025-07-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT07061717
    Conditions
    Hormone Receptor-Positive and HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer
    Interventions
    Palbociclib 125mg qd (3 weeks of treatment followed by 1 week off) + Anastrozole 1mg qd / Letrozole 2.5mg qd / Exemestane 25mg qd; Palbociclib 125mg qd (3 weeks of treatment followed by 1 week off) + Anastrozole 1mg qd / Letrozole 2.5mg qd / Exemestane 25mg qd + Hydroxychloroquine 600mg bid; Palbociclib 200mg qd (3 weeks of treatment followed by 1 week off) + Anastrozole 1mg qd / Letrozole 2.5mg qd / Exemestane 25mg qd + Hydroxychloroquine 600mg bid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Not yet recruiting
    Start
    2025-07-01
    Completion
    2029-07-01
    Enrolment
    474

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHormone Receptor-Positive and HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer
    InterventionPalbociclib 125mg qd (3 weeks of treatment followed by 1 week off) + Anastrozole 1mg qd / Letrozole 2.5mg qd / Exemestane 25mg qd; Palbociclib 125mg qd (3 weeks of treatment followed by 1 week off) + Anastrozole 1mg qd / Letrozole 2.5mg qd / Exemestane 25mg qd + Hydroxychloroquine 600mg bid; Palbociclib 200mg qd (3 weeks of treatment followed by 1 week off) + Anastrozole 1mg qd / Letrozole 2.5mg qd / Exemestane 25mg qd + Hydroxychloroquine 600mg bid
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusNot yet recruiting

  • Therapeutic Effect of Upadacitinib in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

    NCT06862284 · start 2025-03-10

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT06862284
    Conditions
    Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS)
    Interventions
    Upadacitinib (ABT-494); Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Not yet recruiting
    Start
    2025-03-10
    Completion
    2027-08-31
    Enrolment
    30

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPrimary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS)
    InterventionUpadacitinib (ABT-494); Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusNot yet recruiting

  • Adjunctive Yu-Tone Music Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a Prospective Cohort Study

    NCT06898489 · start 2025-03-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT06898489
    Conditions
    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Music Therapy
    Interventions
    Yu-Tone Music Intervention; Conventional pharmacotherapy
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Active not recruiting
    Start
    2025-03-01
    Completion
    2027-01
    Enrolment
    160

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSystemic Lupus Erythematosus; Music Therapy
    InterventionYu-Tone Music Intervention; Conventional pharmacotherapy
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusActive not recruiting

  • L-carnitine Supplementation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

    NCT06753565 · start 2024-12-31

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT06753565
    Conditions
    Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
    Interventions
    Carnitine; Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Recruiting
    Start
    2024-12-31
    Completion
    2025-06
    Enrolment
    60

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionRheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
    InterventionCarnitine; Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusRecruiting

  • Study on Optimization and Evaluation of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for pSS Glandular Damage

    NCT06519617 · start 2024-07-13

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT06519617
    Conditions
    Primary Sjögren Syndrome
    Interventions
    Yi Qi Yang Yin Decoction; Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Enrolling by invitation
    Start
    2024-07-13
    Completion
    2026-12-31
    Enrolment
    136

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPrimary Sjögren Syndrome
    InterventionYi Qi Yang Yin Decoction; Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusEnrolling by invitation

  • Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

    NCT06467526 · start 2024-07-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT06467526
    Conditions
    Sudden Hearing Loss
    Interventions
    Hydroxychloroquine; Steroid
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Not yet recruiting
    Start
    2024-07-01
    Completion
    2027-03-31
    Enrolment
    80

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSudden Hearing Loss
    InterventionHydroxychloroquine; Steroid
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusNot yet recruiting

  • The Effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine Versus Methotrexate in the Treatment of Lichen Planopilaris in Routine Clinical Care: a Patient Preference Trial

    NCT06512753 · start 2024-07-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT06512753
    Conditions
    Lichen Planopilaris; Cicatricial Alopecia
    Interventions
    Hydroxychloroquine; Methotrexate
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2024-07-01
    Completion
    2026-07-01
    Enrolment
    56

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionLichen Planopilaris; Cicatricial Alopecia
    InterventionHydroxychloroquine; Methotrexate
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusUnknown

  • Tacrolimus for Thrombocytopenia in SS

    NCT05678335 · start 2023-02

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT05678335
    Conditions
    Sjogren Syndrome With Other Organ Involvement
    Interventions
    Hydroxychloroquine; Tacrolimus
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2 / Phase 3
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2023-02
    Completion
    2024-03
    Enrolment
    54

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSjogren Syndrome With Other Organ Involvement
    InterventionHydroxychloroquine; Tacrolimus
    PhasePhase 2 / Phase 3
    Registry statusUnknown

  • Montelukast Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis

    NCT05447520 · start 2021-12-15

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT05447520
    Conditions
    Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Interventions
    Montelukast; Placebo; Conventional DMARDs
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2021-12-15
    Completion
    2022-12-30
    Enrolment
    92

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionRheumatoid Arthritis
    InterventionMontelukast; Placebo; Conventional DMARDs
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusCompleted

  • A Study of Nipocalimab With Co-administration of Etanercept or Hydroxychloroquine in Healthy Participants

    NCT04973566 · start 2021-08-31

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT04973566
    Conditions
    Healthy
    Interventions
    Nipocalimab; Etanercept; Hydroxychloroquine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2021-08-31
    Completion
    2022-05-27
    Enrolment
    48

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy
    InterventionNipocalimab; Etanercept; Hydroxychloroquine
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted