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AMR Drug RepurposingSmart Screeningresearch prototype

Loxapine

FDA-approved product (powder, inhalation), marketed as Adasuve, Loxitane C, Loxitane Im and 2 more.

Registered studies
37
Lab records
0
Pathogens at ≥40%
2 of 4

Chemical structure

Chemical structure of Loxapine
A drawing shows what the molecule is, not what it does.

Existing / approved use

Documented · FDA, WHO, ChEMBL

Approved for

  • Agitation
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Bipolar I disorder
  • Psychosis
  • Schizophrenia

Indications ChEMBL records as approved, from FDA and DailyMed labels. Label ↗

WHO therapeutic group
Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines
Anti-infective classification
Not classified as an anti-infective.

Repurposing investigation

This medicine is being investigated here for AI-predicted antimicrobial activity against E. coli and M. tuberculosis. It was surfaced computationally for further investigation; it is not an established treatment for these infections.

AI-predicted activity

AI prediction · nothing measured
  • MRSA39.2% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • E. coli44.3% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • K. pneumoniae23.4% AI-predicted activityBelow the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.
  • M. tuberculosis58.8% AI-predicted activityAt or above the ≥40% mark this site uses to surface candidates.

A model’s estimate of laboratory activity against each pathogen species. It is not clinical effectiveness.

Evidence

Clinical and experimental

Documented evidence

Clinical

37registered studies name this medicine, for any condition. See them below.

Experimental

No evidence found

No laboratory measurement against the four pathogens in the ChEMBL records loaded here.

Open Loxapine in ChEMBL Registered studies below

Docking

Computational · nothing measured

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (E. coli)

-6.6 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

KPC-2 carbapenemase ↗ (K. pneumoniae)

-7.1 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) ↗ (M. tuberculosis)

-7.8 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

Dihydrofolate reductase ↗ (MRSA)

-8.1 kcal/mol

0better fit →-12

AutoDock Vina, one experimentally solved protein per pathogen. This project’s screening target is -7.0 kcal/mol, its own mark rather than a universal cutoff. A docking score is a structural hypothesis, not proof of binding, and requires experimental validation.

Other medicines to investigate

AI prediction · nothing measured

Other repurposing candidates: approved medicines besides Loxapine with AI-predicted activity ≥40% against the chosen pathogen, leaving out existing antimicrobials. They are computational candidates for further investigation, not alternatives and not recommendations.

Sorted by AI-predicted activity, high to low. The order is not a ranking of which medicine is better.

Registered studies

A registration describes a study; it does not establish a positive result.

  • AGItated Patients Management: intraNASAL Midazolam vs Intramuscular Loxapine

    NCT05324852 · start 2023-04-09

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT05324852
    Conditions
    Emergence Delirium
    Interventions
    Intranasal midazolam; Intramuscular loxapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2023-04-09
    Completion
    2024-04-23
    Enrolment
    1

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionEmergence Delirium
    InterventionIntranasal midazolam; Intramuscular loxapine
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusTerminated

  • A Study Based on the French National Health Insurance Database in Participants With Psychotic Disorders

    NCT05633108 · start 2023-03-30

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT05633108
    Conditions
    Psychotic Disorders
    Interventions
    No Intervention
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2023-03-30
    Completion
    2023-09-30
    Enrolment
    579,728

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPsychotic Disorders
    InterventionNo Intervention
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • A Study of Staccato Loxapine (ADASUVE®) for Inhalation

    NCT04148963 · start 2019-12-01

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT04148963
    Conditions
    Psychomotor Agitation; Schizophrenia; Bipolar Disorder
    Interventions
    Inhaled loxapine; Inhaled placebo
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 3
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2019-12-01
    Completion
    2020-08-01
    Enrolment
    150

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionPsychomotor Agitation; Schizophrenia; Bipolar Disorder
    InterventionInhaled loxapine; Inhaled placebo
    PhasePhase 3
    Registry statusUnknown

  • A Study to Assess Stroke Risk Among Users of Typical Versus Atypical Antipsychotics Stratified by Broad Age Group

    NCT04002700 · start 2019-05-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT04002700
    Conditions
    Stroke
    Interventions
    Haloperidol; Typical Antipsychotics; Atypical Antipsychotics
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2019-05-06
    Completion
    2019-05-31
    Enrolment
    1,234,412

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionStroke
    InterventionHaloperidol; Typical Antipsychotics; Atypical Antipsychotics
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Inhaled Loxapine vs Intramuscular (IM) Haloperidol + Lorazepam for Agitation

    NCT03110900 · start 2017-09-30

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03110900
    Conditions
    Agitation,Psychomotor; Haloperidol Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use; Lorazepam Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use; Loxapine Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use
    Interventions
    Haloperidol + lorazepam; Loxapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2017-09-30
    Completion
    2018-04-04
    Enrolment
    2

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAgitation,Psychomotor; Haloperidol Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use; Lorazepam Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use; Loxapine Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use
    InterventionHaloperidol + lorazepam; Loxapine
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Phase IV to Evaluate the Safety of Self-administered ADASUVE® in Agitated Patients Outside the Hospital Setting

    NCT02525991 · start 2016-09-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02525991
    Conditions
    Agitation
    Interventions
    Staccato® Delivery System Loxapine (ADASUVE®)
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2016-09-08
    Completion
    2019-12-31
    Enrolment
    323

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAgitation
    InterventionStaccato® Delivery System Loxapine (ADASUVE®)
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Tolerability and Analgesic Efficacy of Loxapine in Patients With Refractory, Chemotherapy-induced Neuropathic Pain

    NCT02820519 · start 2016-06-07

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02820519
    Conditions
    Neuropathic Pain
    Interventions
    Loxapine
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 2
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2016-06-07
    Completion
    2017-05-04
    Enrolment
    4

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionNeuropathic Pain
    InterventionLoxapine
    PhasePhase 2
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Naturalistic Adasuve Clinical Trial Study

    NCT02877108 · start 2016-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02877108
    Conditions
    Agitation
    Interventions
    Not recorded
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2016-04
    Completion
    2017-04
    Enrolment
    100

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAgitation
    InterventionNot recorded
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusUnknown

  • Evaluating the Efficacy of a Late-Life Schizophrenia Integrated Care Pathway to Treat Acute Psychotic Symptoms

    NCT02529163 · start 2015-08

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02529163
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    Interventions
    Late-life Schizophrenia ICP; Treatment as Usual
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Not applicable
    Registry status
    Unknown
    Start
    2015-08
    Completion
    2019-07
    Enrolment
    24

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder
    InterventionLate-life Schizophrenia ICP; Treatment as Usual
    PhaseNot applicable
    Registry statusUnknown

  • Family Intervention in Recent Onset Schizophrenia Treatment (FIRST)

    NCT02600741 · start 2015-07-24

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02600741
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia
    Interventions
    Caregiver psycho-education and skills training; Caregiver support available at the study site; Paliperidone palmitate; Chlorpromazine; Droperidol; Fluphenazine; Haloperidol; Loxapine; Perphenazine; Pimozide; Prochlorperazine; Thiothixene; Thioridazine; Trifluoperazine; Aripiprazole; Asenapine; Clozapine; Iloperidone; Olanzapine; Paliperidone; Quetiapine; Risperidone; Ziprasidone
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2015-07-24
    Completion
    2018-07-05
    Enrolment
    296

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia
    InterventionCaregiver psycho-education and skills training; Caregiver support available at the study site; Paliperidone palmitate; Chlorpromazine +19 more
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Antipsychotic Induced Structural and Functional Brain Changes

    NCT02435095 · start 2015-05

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02435095
    Conditions
    Schizophrenia
    Interventions
    Maintenance treatment; Intermittent treatment
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Terminated
    Start
    2015-05
    Completion
    2020-08
    Enrolment
    174

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionSchizophrenia
    InterventionMaintenance treatment; Intermittent treatment
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusTerminated

  • Outcomes of Antipsychotic Medication Used in the Emergency Department

    NCT02504450 · start 2015-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02504450
    Conditions
    Agitation,Psychomotor
    Interventions
    Adasuve; Alternative medications
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2015-04
    Completion
    2016-03
    Enrolment
    93

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAgitation,Psychomotor
    InterventionAdasuve; Alternative medications
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusCompleted

  • Observational Study Evaluating the Safety of ADASUVE® in Agitation Associated With Schizophrenia or Bipolar I Disorder

    NCT03513549 · start 2014-11-04

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT03513549
    Conditions
    Agitation,Psychomotor
    Interventions
    Loxapine 10 MG
    Study type
    OBSERVATIONAL
    Phase
    Not recorded
    Registry status
    Suspended
    Start
    2014-11-04
    Completion
    2027-09
    Enrolment
    10,000

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionAgitation,Psychomotor
    InterventionLoxapine 10 MG
    PhaseNot recorded
    Registry statusSuspended

  • Study to Assess the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of ADASUVE® at Doses of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg in Children and Adolescents (10 Through 17 Years of Age) With Any Condition Warranting Chronic Use of an Antipsychotic Medication

    NCT02184767 · start 2014-07

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT02184767
    Conditions
    BiPolar
    Interventions
    ADASUVE®
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 1
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2014-07
    Completion
    2015-05
    Enrolment
    30

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionBiPolar
    InterventionADASUVE®
    PhasePhase 1
    Registry statusCompleted

  • ADASUVE-Lorazepam Drug-Drug Interaction

    NCT01877642 · start 2013-06

    Registered record
    Registry ID
    NCT01877642
    Conditions
    Healthy Volunteers
    Interventions
    Lorazepam 1 mg IM; Inhaled loxapine 10 mg; Inhaled Placebo; Placebo IM
    Study type
    INTERVENTIONAL
    Phase
    Phase 4
    Registry status
    Completed
    Start
    2013-06
    Completion
    2013-07
    Enrolment
    22

    As stored from ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration describes a study; it does not mean the study worked.

    ConditionHealthy Volunteers
    InterventionLorazepam 1 mg IM; Inhaled loxapine 10 mg; Inhaled Placebo; Placebo IM
    PhasePhase 4
    Registry statusCompleted